CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Nature is generous in providing a variety of resources to the people. Humans in modern civilization with advanced development in science and technology, utilize these resources beyond permissible limits. It has...

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES Man and Environment Development and environment are two sides of a coin. Development is highly essential for the economic growth of a country but not at the cost of the environment. Man has lived continuously in harmony with nature. Man has...

TAMIL NADU AGRICULTURE Agriculture is the prime and traditional occupation for the people of Tamil Nadu. The practice of growing plants on a large scale for food and other purposes are known as agriculture. Agriculture includes not only cultivation of crops but also...

RESOURCES OF TAMIL NADU Resources The term ‘resources’ refers to the natural wealth available on the earth surface for the welfare of mankind. The surrounding environment contains many natural elements like rocks and minerals on and under the surface of the earth....

PHYSIOGRAPHY OF TAMIL NADU Tamil Nadu has unique physiography. To the west and the northwest, it is bounded by hills of both western and Eastern Ghats. In the east, it is bounded by the Bay of Bengal and in the south by the Indian Ocean. The physiography of Tamil Nadu...

INDIA - INDUSTRIES A country becomes rich by converting natural resources into usable products. So the key to the prosperity of any century lies in increasing manufacturing industries. India is rich in natural resources. These resources include forest products,...

SECONDARY ACTIVITY - I   Industries We all know that our planet Earth is rich in natural resources like minerals and agricultural resources. These resources can be better utilized only when they are processed. We cannot consume products in their original form....

PRIMARY ACTIVITY - I   Mining Mining is an important primary activity. It supports the industrial growth of a country. Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth. Mining of stone and metal has been an important...

HUMAN ACTIVITIES   Types of Primary Activity In the history of human civilization, agriculture was a major landmark in the life of a human because it allowed them to have a settled life. Before man started his sedentary life, he was dependent on hunting,...

INDIAN AGRICULTURE Agriculture plays a vital role in socio - economic development of India. It is a source of livelihood and food security for Indians. It constitutes a large share of the country‘s national income because more than half of India‘s workforce is...

ENERGY RESOURCES Energy is an inevitable resource in our day-to-day life. It is a n essential component in economical and technological development. Coal, Petroleum, natural gas soar energy and wind energy are some of the sources of energy. Energy Resources can be...

MINERAL RESOURCES The minerals are broadly classified into two. They are Metallic Minerals Non - metallic minerals. Metallic minerals The metallic minerals contain metals such as iron, Copper, Manganese, Bauxite and Gold. They are further divided into ferrous minerals...

NATURAL VEGETATION Natural vegetation is the vegetation or plant cover naturally grown on the earth ‘surface. It is a result of climate, soil and biotic influences. The forest is one of the greatest natural resources available to human beings. Yet they have declined...

INDIA NATURAL RESOURCES Resources form an essential requirement in our daily life. Any country can be developed shortly if it has rich and diverse resources. But judicious use of resource only will help for sustainable development of that country. Overexploitation of...

CLIMATE OF INDIA In spite of the great diversity and variation in Indian climate and topography, the most important factor that lends unity to India is the fact of the monsoons. The word ‘Monsoon’ owes its origin to the Arabic word ‘Manusin’ Meaning ‘season’. The term...

INDIA LOCATION AND PHYSIOGRAPHY Location India is a large country located in South Asia with a rich civilization. It has often amazed and intrigued the rest of the world for its capacity for survival and maintenance of its timeless traditions. Its cultural influences...

BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION Rapidly expanding human population and activities, amplified by the power of technology, threaten to eliminate much of the diversity of the biosphere. Humans have become a natural force, levelling mountains, diverting rivers into new...

NATURAL AND AGRICULTURAL (BIOMES) Natural Biomes The plants are stationary on the Earth’s surface, as the other abiotic components such as landforms, soils, streams and lakes. Plants are also consumable and renewable sources of food, medicines, fuels, clothing,...

ENVIRONMENT, ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEMS Our planet is the only place in the universe that supports life. Life on Earth requires a variety of organic and inorganic nutrients. These nutrients continuously recycle through the interactions of organisms and their environments....

ATMOSPHERE AND SOLAR RADIATION The Earth is surrounded by an atmosphere. It is a blanket of gases and has no definite outer edge. It gradually becomes thinner and it merges into space. Over 80% of atmospheric gases are held by gravity within 20 kilometres of the...

HYDROSPHERE AND OCEAN CURRENTS All the Earth’s water is found in Oceans, streams, lakes, the soil, groundwater and in the air. The largest store of water is in the oceans, which contain over 97% of the Earth’s water. Ice caps that cover Antarctica and glaciers that...

LITHOSPHERE AND TECTONIC PLATES Scientists believe the Earth began its life about 4.6 billion years ago. The continents probably began forming about 4.2 billion years ago as the Earth continued to cool. It was not until the turn of the 20th century that scientists...

EARTH AND UNIVERSE In the Solar System, our Earth is a unique planet because of the life forms that exist on its surface. Attempts to separate natural and anthropogenically induced variability in the Earth System have proved to be successful in many respects. our...